How Does Stem Cell Bone Marrow Transplant Work?
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A stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow transplant, is a procedure that replaces damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside your bones that produces blood cells. Stem cells are the cells that make blood cells.
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There are two main types of stem cell transplants:
Autologous stem cell transplant: This type of transplant uses your own stem cells. Stem cells are taken from your blood or bone marrow before you receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The stem cells are frozen and stored. After you complete chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the stem cells are thawed and put back into your body.
Allogeneic stem cell transplant: This type of transplant uses stem cells from a donor. The donor may be a relative or someone who is not related to you. The stem cells are taken from the donor’s blood or bone marrow and put into your body after you complete chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Stem cell transplants are used to treat a variety of conditions, including: Cancer, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Aplastic anemia, a condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells. Sickle cell disease, an inherited condition that affects red blood cells. Thalassemia, an inherited condition that affects hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of a stem cell transplant before you decide to have one.
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